What is Medical Coding and How Do I Get Certified?

Curious about medical coding? Whether you’re exploring a new career or transitioning from another healthcare role, medical coding offers strong job prospects. In this article, we'll explain what coding is, the main certifications, and the different education paths, so you can find the best route to certification.

What is Medical Coding?

Medical coding is the process of translating medical diagnoses, procedures, and services into standardized codes used for billing and record-keeping. These codes ensure healthcare providers are reimbursed correctly by insurance companies and that patient records are accurately maintained. Check out this short video that shows how a patient's experience is transformed into standardized medical codes, the foundation of billing, reimbursement, and accurate medical records.

This video illustrates how a patient’s pain or injury is transformed into a medical code, ensuring standardized communication in healthcare.

Choose the Right Certification

Before choosing a medical coding certification, think about the following:

• Career Goals – Do you want to work in physician-based coding (CPC), outpatient, or inpatient hospital coding (CCS)?

• Employer Preferences – Review job postings in your area to see which certifications are most in demand.

• Job Outlook – Consider the long-term demand for coders in your chosen setting.

• Salary Potential – Some certifications open doors to higher-paying opportunities and career advancement.

  
  

Below is a comparison of the main certifications offered by different organizations.

Credential & Full Name	Focus	Best For
NHA Certified Billing & Coding Specialist (CBCS)	Basic knowledge of medical billing and coding, insurance claims, and reimbursement.	Entry-level individuals looking to start in medical billing and coding, but not typically recognized as a standalone credential in professional coding roles.
AHIMA Certified Coding Associate (CCA)	Entry-level medical coding across inpatient and outpatient settings.	New coders entering the field, especially those who want to work towards the CCS.
AHIMA Certified Coding Specialist (CCS)	Advanced inpatient coding with a strong emphasis on ICD-10-CM and PCS codes.	Those seeking hospital-based coding positions, particularly in inpatient settings.
AAPC Certified Professional Coder (CPC)	Outpatient physician-based coding, including CPT, ICD-10-CM, and HCPCS.	Coders working in physician practices, outpatient facilities, and ambulatory care.

Get Educated

There are multiple paths to getting the education you need to pass your certification exam. Below is a comparison of different options:

Self-Study

Self-study is a flexible and cost-effective way to prepare for your medical coding certification exam. It allows individuals to learn at their own pace and on their own schedule. However, it requires strong self-discipline, motivation, and access to reliable study resources.

Pros of Self-Study:

• Flexible and can be done at your own pace.

• Lower cost compared to formal training programs.

• Many free and paid resources are available online.

Cons of Self-Study:

• Requires self-discipline and motivation.

• No instructor support to clarify difficult concepts.

• May take longer to grasp complex coding guidelines.

What Everyone is Saying: Self-study can be cost-effective, but many learners supplement with online study groups, practice exams, or webinars for extra support.

Instructor-Led Courses

For those who prefer a structured learning environment with guidance from experienced instructors, instructor-led courses are a great option.

Pros of Instructor-Led Courses:

• Structured Learning – Follows a set schedule with guided lessons.

• Direct Instructor Support – Get immediate answers to questions and clarifications on difficult topics.

• Networking Opportunities – Connect with peers and instructors for additional support.

• Accountability & Motivation – Staying on track is easier with deadlines and instructor feedback.

Cons of Instructor-Led Courses:

• Higher Cost – Typically more expensive than self-study programs.

• Fixed Schedule – Less flexibility for those with busy work or family commitments.

• Time Commitment – Requires attending scheduled sessions, which may not fit everyone's availability.

  
  

Choosing the Right Path: Self-Study vs Instructor-Led

Both self-study and instructor-led paths can lead to certification; the best choice depends on your learning style, goals, and schedule. Organizations like AAPC and AHIMA offer both formats, giving you flexibility in how you prepare. No matter which path you choose, the ultimate goal is the same: mastering coding concepts and earning certification to launch or grow your career in healthcare.

• Self-Study: Best for independent learners who are disciplined, motivated, and comfortable navigating textbooks, coding manuals, and practice exams on their own. It offers maximum flexibility and can be more cost-effective.

• Instructor-Led: Best for learners who benefit from structure, accountability, and guided explanations. These courses often include live sessions, mentorship, and peer interaction, making it easier to stay on track and ask questions in real time.

When deciding, consider:

• Tuition costs

• Scheduling flexibility

• Level of instructor/peer support

• Accountability and motivation

Students may choose a self-paced or instructor-led program through organizations like AAPC or AHIMA, both of which are widely recognized in the medical coding field.

No matter which path you choose, the goal is the same: mastering coding concepts and earning certification to launch or grow your career in healthcare.